Overview of diabetes mellitus with a focus on pathophysiological aspects. Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and its treatment policy. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder. Pathophysiology of diabetes fbs 2hr pp insulin insulin treatment resistance secretionphase 1 normal normal increased increased none ogttphase 2 normal or increased markedly increased diet, a increased increased glucosidase, metforminphase 3 increased increased increased increased oha, insulin. The majority of type 1 diabetes is of the immune mediated nature, in which a tcell. Leibel naomi berrie diabetes center 25 february 2008 body mass index chart 2529. Pathophysiology type 2 type 2 dm is characterized by insulin resistance. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is significantly increased in the pediatric population, which is affected by obesity worldwide. Diabetes is a name given to the distinct conditions in which there is a large amount of glucose in the blood and it is the ability of the body to convert or change glucose i. Pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pathophysiology of diabetes free download as powerpoint presentation. Powerpoint is the worlds most popular presentation software which can let you create professional targeting the underlying pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes powerpoint presentation easily and in no.
Various organs play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. In the united states the populations most affected are native americans. The pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes are similar. Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus oxford medicine. Diabetes is a name given to the distinct conditions in which there is a large amount of glucose in the blood and it is the ability of the body to convert or. Patients with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance have both decreased. Well, glucose is an important source of energy which is required by our body because it acts as a fuel in our body. Type 2 diabetes, therefore, cannot occur in the absence of betacell abnormalities. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous disorder with varying prevalence among different ethnic groups. The criteria for diagnosing diabetes are the same for all age groups because the risks of diabetes related complications are associated with hyperglycemia over time across all age groups. International experts in genetics, immunology, metabolism, endocrinology, and systems biology. This ailment is a disease state which involves the dysfunction of insulinproducing pancreatic beta cells, insulin hormone resistance in cells of the. The prevalence of gdm has been rising steadily over the past few decades, coinciding with the ongoing epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The worldwide explosion of obesity has resulted in an everincreasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus t2dm continues to be a major health problem worldwide. There are many factors determined the clinical presentation of various. Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes this condition is caused by a relative deficiency of. The fact that about 80% of people with type 2 diabetes are obese highlights a clear association between type 2 diabetes and obesity abdominal obesity in.
Ppt diabetes mellitus type 1 powerpoint presentation. Type 1 diabetes can occur at any age, but the disease develops most often in children and young adults. View and download powerpoint presentations on type 2 diabetes pathophysiology ppt. Diabetes mellitus type 1 1 diabetes mellitus type 1. Pathophysiology type 1 type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by loss of the insulinproducing beta cells of the islets of langerhans in the pancreas, leading to insulin deficiency. The progression from normal glucose tolerance ngt to type. Type 1 diabetes accounts for about 5 to 10 percent of diagnosed diabetes in the united. Pathophysiology of diabetes diabetes mellitus type 2. From pathophysiology to prevention and management nolan, christopher j. Dec 21, 2015 the worldwide explosion of obesity has resulted in an everincreasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Gestational diabetes mellitus gdm is a form of diabetes that is first recognised during pregnancy, with no evidence of preexisting type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. Clinical presentation of dm asymptomatic particularly type 2 dm. The natural history of type 2 diabetes t2dm has been well described.
Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and its treatment policy jmaj 531. Dka is present at t1dm presentation in 15 to 67% of children, its frequency being. Targeting the underlying pathophysiology of type 2. Ppt diabetes mellitus type 1 powerpoint presentation free.
Diabetic neuropathy affects autonomic and peripheral nerves. The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by peripheral. Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus intechopen. Recently, it has become widely recognized that the. Dec 08, 2014 type 2 is characterized by adult onset. It is a common disorder with a prevalence that rises markedly. This animation describes insulin resistance, an underlying cause of type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes accounts for about 80 to 90% of all diabetics. Type 2 diabetes in youth is different not only from type 1 diabetes but also from type 2 diabetes in adults and has unique features.
Type 2 diabetes is by far the most prevalent form of diabetes in older adults and is an agerelated disorder. Evidence is emerging that a substantial part of diabetes susceptibility is acquired early in life, probably owing to fetal or neonatal programming via epigenetic phenomena. Pdf the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2. It is now wellrecognised that t1dm is an autoimmune disorder characterised by the destruction of insulinproducing pancreatic.
Feb 23, 2017 pathophysiology type 1 type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by loss of the insulinproducing beta cells of the islets of langerhans in the pancreas, leading to insulin deficiency. Type 1 diabetes always requires insulin therapy, and will not respond to insulinstimulating oral drugs. The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of gestational. Targeting the underlying pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Ppt diabetes mellitus type 2 powerpoint presentation. For people with type 1 diabetes and many with advanced type 2 diabetes, hypoglycemia is a fact of life.
The causes of type 2 diabetes are multifactorial and include both genetic and environmental elements that affect betacell function and tissue muscle, liver, adipose tissue, and pancreas insulin sensitivity. Type 2 dm results from interaction between genetic, environmental and behavioral risk factors 5,6. Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes flashcards quizlet. Pathophysiology type ii diabetes video khan academy. From pathophysiology to prevention and management type 2 diabetes across generations.
The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of gestational diabetes. Diagnosis of conditions resembling type 2 diabetes chapters. The defective responsiveness of body tissues to insulin is. If so, share your ppt presentation slides online with. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about type 2 diabetes pathophysiology ppt. The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2. The pancreas can no longer produce enough insulin, so people with type 1 diabetes need multiple daily administrations of insulin to live. So, in type 2 diabetes, the beta cells of the pancreas are functioning properly, and theyre able to produce insulin, but that insulin isnt able to have its proper effect on the cells throughout the body. The american diabetes association, jdrf, the european association for the study of diabetes, and the american association of clinical endocrinologists convened a research symposium. Many youth with type 2 diabetestake insulin, often in addition to other glucose lowering. Understanding the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes is complicated by several factors. Free download diabetes mellitus powerpoint presentation slides. Pathophysiology type 2 diabetes normally results from the progressive development of insulin resistance eg, in liver and muscle cells and the subsequent dysfunction of pancreatic beta cells.
Is one of the oldest conditions known to man, having been identified in 1500 b. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and relative impairment in insulin secretion. Type 2 diabetes mellitus consists of an array of dysfunctions characterized by hyperglycemia and resulting from the combination of resistance to insulin action, inadequate insulin. So, in general, type 2 diabetes is caused by dysfunction of this second step. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with certain genetic predispositions, environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and the dynamic interactions between all of these different aspects. Many people with type 2 diabetes take glucoselowering medications which can be taken orally or by injection. Targeting the underlying pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes is the property of its rightful owner. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has risen alarmingly in the past decade, in large part linked to the trends in obesity and sedentary lifestyle. The progression from normal glucose tolerance ngt to type 2 diabetes involves intermediate stages of impaired fasting glucose ifg and impaired glucose tolerance igt, also known as prediabetes. Diabetes mellitus type 2 pathophysiology medical news. In type 2 diabetes, either the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells. This type can be further classified as immunemediated or idiopathic. It explains the roles of glucose and the hormone insulin in our body.
Differentiation of diabetes by pathophysiology, natural. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. Type 2 diabetes in youth has increased over the past 20 years with an estimated incidence of 5,000 new cases per year in the u. Ppt targeting the underlying pathophysiology of type 2. Feb 27, 2019 please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report. It is well known that t2dm is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, which arises from. In the united states the populations most affected are native americans, particularly in the desert southwest, hispanicamericans, and asianamericans 1. It is well known that t2dm is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, which arises from insufficient pancreatic insulin secretion, insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, and inadequate suppression of glucagon production. Nov 07, 20 type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with certain genetic predispositions, environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and the dynamic interactions between all of these different. The pathophysiology underlying the development of these glucose. The american diabetes association, jdrf, the european association for the study of diabetes, and the american association of clinical endocrinologists convened a research symposium, the differentiation of diabetes by pathophysiology, natural history and prognosis on 1012 october 2015.
535 499 1336 1509 1436 509 186 146 331 322 343 727 1091 1297 99 398 281 636 288 337 172 524 609 356 765 212 937 40 309 390 138 805